Ativan, also known as lorazepam, has a wide variety of uses. Whether you’ve got a seizure disorder, anxiety or nausea and vomiting due to cancer, your doctor may prescribe this medication. Because it’s classified as a benzodiazepine, it’s important to watch yourself for suicidal ideation or paranoia. We’re going to explore Ativan in more detail below, but keep in mind that each person’s medical experience is subjective. Additionally, it’s necessary to take your medication exactly as prescribed.

Understanding Ativan

Ativan has a fast effect on your central nervous system. It increases the amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in your brain, which has a tranquilizing effect on your body and mind. Ativan can provide relief for unjustified fears, panic attacks, restlessness, agitation and sleeplessness caused by anxiety. Ativan is also used to treat spasms, seizures, insomnia and alcohol withdrawal.

Ativan is one of five commonly prescribed benzodiazepines. The others are Klonopin, Valium, Halcion and Xanax. All of these medications have the tendency to be abused by some people. Because of this, Ativan is controlled by Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act. In other words, it has a viable medical use, along with a low risk of misuse. Of course, having a low risk for abuse is not the same thing as having no risk of abuse.

Initial Sensations After Taking Ativan

For most patients, Ativan takes effect within 15-30 minutes. The general consensus seems to be that Ativan makes people feel more relaxed, happier and calmer. People who take Ativan as directed do not typically report feeling like they’re in a fog, nor do they feel a warmth spreading throughout their body. Instead, they feel more like they’ve come out of fog. There are also plenty of reports about feeling more present in the moment.

Common Physical Effects

After taking Ativan, be prepared to experience drowsiness, muscle relaxation and decreased physical tension. Not everyone will deal with drowsiness, but some people will go so far as to fall asleep shortly after taking Ativan. The sensation of decreased physical tension may promote a general feeling of well-being. Muscle relaxation can also feel wonderful to someone who is usually tense.

On the downside, there are a lot of potential side effects, including:

• Impaired coordination
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Difficulty concentrating

Emotional and Psychological Effects

In the short-term, Ativan will reduce psychological and physical tension, worry and anxiety. Again, people who have taken this medication have reported feeling almost like a new person. This is a good thing, but it also leads some users to abuse Ativan. Over time, its effects may decrease. It’s also possible to experience emotional blunting, which may limit your emotional reactivity. You may feel like you have no emotions at all or even an unpleasant numbness in place of emotions.

Varied Responses Based on Dosage and Individual Factors

The dosage you take will have a big impact on how Ativan makes you feel. When you combine this with individual factors such as body weight, metabolism and tolerance, it can definitely make your results vary. Ativan comes in:

• Oral Tablets: 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg
• Liquid Injectable: 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL

In most cases, it’s best to take the smallest amount that still provides relief. However, your doctor will make a final determination on what dose you need. Keep in mind that the older you are, the lower your dosage is likely to be.

Short-Term vs. Long-Term Use

Short-term usage is generally recommended. Taking Ativan for more than two to four weeks will dramatically raise your risk of becoming dependent on this medication. You’ll also run the risk of developing a tolerance to the medication, which means you’ll need to take a bigger dose.

Other long-term use problems may include:

• Exaggerated side effects (sleeping all day, for instance)
• Cognitive impairment issues

Potential Negative Experiences and Side Effects

Sadly, some people will overdose on Ativan. If any of the following happens to you, please seek immediate medical attention:

• Low blood pressure
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Slowed reflexes
• Coordination/balance issues
• Coma
• Death

Approximately 12 percent of users reported having a negative experience on Ativan. One person went so far as to say, “Ativan ruined my life.”

Dependency and Withdrawal Considerations

If you develop a dependency on Ativan, it can be quite difficult to get off of the drug. Withdrawal symptoms typically set in about 24 hours after your last dose and may include:

• Headache
• Sweating
• Tremors
• Difficulty concentrating/confusion
• Nausea
• Abdominal cramps
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
• Increased blood pressure
• Heart palpitations
• Irritability/mood swings
• Anxiety
• Panic attacks
• Seizures

If you begin to experience these symptoms, it’s important to visit your doctor immediately. Ativan shouldn’t be stopped cold turkey. Instead, work with your doctor to wean yourself off of the drug.

Personal Accounts and Experiences

Personal accounts show a wide range of experiences. On the one hand, you’ve got a person who said, “Ativan is on an as needed basis and has helped tremendously.” Meanwhile, someone else wrote, “This is by far the scariest experience I have EVER had with a drug.”

Approximately 75 percent of patients reported a positive experience, but this means that 25 percent had an average to poor experience. It’s critical to remember that each person’s body is different, and some people are more prone to dependency issues. This makes it important to receive individual, personalized advice from a medical professional.

Conclusion

Ativan can be quite helpful for people with anxiety as long as you take it as prescribed. Do not continue using Ativan long-term unless your doctor says to. Remember: for every two to three people who think that Ativan is wonderful, there is another person who had a terrible experience on it. Therefore, it’s always best to consult your doctor before you begin using Ativan.

References

• https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Benzodiazepenes-2020_1.pdf
• https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/benzo.pdf
• https://www.quora.com/What-does-it-feel-like-to-be-on-ativan-and-how-long-do-the-effects-last
• https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/emotional-blunting
• https://www.drugs.com/comments/lorazepam/ativan.html

---

Understanding SUBOXONE®’s Efficacy: How Long Does It Block Opiates?

SUBOXONE® is a drug that contains buprenorphine and naloxone. Buprenorphine was first developed in the 1960s.[1] Naloxone was approved for use in the 1970s. However, SUBOXONE® was not developed until the 2000s. Today, it is a popular FDA-approved medication for opioid use disorder treatment. SUBOXONE® is part of a medication-assisted treatment plan. It is often combined with behavioral therapy to improve treatment outcomes. For those who struggle with OUD, it helps to understand SUBOXONE® and the factors that affect its efficacy.

What Is SUBOXONE®?

The purpose of SUBOXONE® is to treat dependence by substituting a safer substance. As people detox from opioids, SUBOXONE® can help reduce unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. People who receive it do so under the supervision of medical experts. Professionals may prescribe sublingual tablets or films. The recommended dosage for initial treatment is 2 mg of buprenorphine and 0.5 mg of naloxone.[2] As professionals supervise patients, they may increase dosages to control withdrawal symptoms. The drug may be used for long-term treatment plans.

How SUBOXONE® Works

It is important to understand SUBOXONE®’s mechanisms and how it affects the brain. Buprenorphine binds to the brain’s opioid receptors and blocks other opioids. Also, its effects on the brain help reduce pain, cravings and withdrawal symptoms.[1] Since it is a partial agonist, it has milder effects and is a useful medication for reducing opioid dependence.

Naloxone is important for preventing misuse. It is an antagonist that helps prevent opioid molecules from binding to receptors. When taken as directed, its effects are less dominant than the effects of buprenorphine.[3] If a person tries to crush and inject SUBOXONE®, the naloxone dominates and can cause withdrawal symptoms.

SUBOXONE®’s Duration of Opiate Blocking

The duration of SUBOXONE®’s blocking abilities can vary from one person to another. In many cases, the effects last up to a few days. For some individuals, the effects may last just 24 hours or up to 60 hours.[4] Several factors can influence how long the effects last. A person’s metabolism, dosage and frequency of use can impact SUBOXONE®’s duration.

Factors That Influence SUBOXONE®’s Efficacy

A person’s body composition can impact SUBOXONE® metabolism. People who have more muscle tend to have a higher metabolism. Also, people who are taller or weigh more tend to have a higher metabolic rate. As a result, their bodies typically break down SUBOXONE® faster.

Overall health may also impact SUBOXONE® metabolism. It is important for anyone seeking SUBOXONE® treatment to notify the supervising doctor of any known health issues. Also, doctors want to know about any current medications. SUBOXONE® can interact with some substances and cause negative effects. For example, it may interact with some medications for sleep or anxiety and increase the risk of severe side effects.[5]

Clinical Perspectives on SUBOXONE® Treatment

In most observations, peak effects of buprenorphine appear within 40 to 120 minutes.[4] The observed duration of opiate blocking varies and is between 24 and 60 hours. Many patients also report varying experiences with SUBOXONE®’s duration and effects.

Two important clinical studies demonstrated the efficacy of SUBOXONE® treatment plans.[6] In both studies, there were SUBOXONE® and placebo groups. Although both groups reported moderate cravings at the start of the studies, the SUBOXONE® recipients reported reduced cravings after several weeks. The participants who received SUBOXONE® also had a lower rate of opioid-positive urine tests after treatment. While the pre-treatment rate in one study was about 90%, the post-treatment rate was under 20%.[6]

Risks of SUBOXONE® Use

Some people who take SUBOXONE® experience side effects.[5] These are a few potential side effects:

• Headache or body aches
• Nausea or vomiting
• Gastrointestinal issues
• Anxiety or depression
• Sweating
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Weakness
• Chills or fever
• Insomnia
• Sore throat or cough
• Runny nose

Most side effects are manageable, and medical professionals can prescribe medications to ease symptoms. However, some individuals experience severe side effects. Liver damage, hormone problems, coma, dental problems and severe withdrawal symptoms are some possible severe outcomes. Always seek immediate medical attention for severe side effects.

Misusing SUBOXONE® also comes with serious risks. Dependence can develop. Also, using other opioids, alcohol or certain substances while using SUBOXONE® is dangerous. It can lead to extreme drowsiness and decreased awareness. Additionally, it can cause difficulty breathing, coma and death.[5] Call 911 if someone who takes SUBOXONE® is unconscious or has difficulty breathing.

Managing Expectations During SUBOXONE® Treatment

Choosing to quit using heroin or prescription opioids is a big step. Although the benefits of living sober are immense, it is important to work with professionals to maximize them.

Addiction treatment professionals understand all the complexities associated with the duration of SUBOXONE®’s effectiveness. They can recommend the right dose, determine when to increase the dose and more. Following their recommendations is vital for optimal outcomes. This also involves following the recommended behavioral therapy schedule. Coordinated care plans help people stay in recovery longer and feel more confident.

Find SUBOXONE® Treatment in Illinois

Although the duration of SUBOXONE®’s effects varies for each person, it is an effective treatment for many people who struggle with OUD. The Illinois Recovery Center is here to help when you are ready to start treatment. With our treatment approach, we offer personalized solutions that are designed to fit your unique needs. We combine multiple evidence-based therapies for better results. In addition to OUD treatment, we offer programs for a variety of other addictions. To learn more about SUBOXONE® and OUD treatment, please reach out to us.

References:

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459126/
[2] https://www.drugs.com/dosage/suboxone.html
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7517938/
[4] https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/long-suboxone-block-opiates-3536136/
[5] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325827#professional-information
[6] https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-discussion/suboxone-epar-scientific-discussion_en.pdf

SUBOXONE® is a registered trademark of Indivior UK Limited. IRC is not affiliated with Indivior UK Limited or its affiliates (“Indivior”), and any reference to it or its intellectual property is for informational purposes only and is not endorsed or sponsored by Indivior.

---

Emotional or psychological trauma is no laughing matter. It’s difficult to recover without a mental health expert, and the healing journey can take years.

Fortunately, you don’t have to go through everything alone. We’re here to discuss ways to make the process easier!

Today, we identify the types of emotional traumas and the stages of recovery. You’ll also discover essential tips for getting over a traumatic experience.

Are you ready to learn how to recover from emotional trauma? Let’s dive in.

Understanding Emotional Trauma

Emotional trauma is a response to a terrible event in life.

A traumatic memory can make someone feel helpless or overwhelmed. It affects your daily life and even causes a person to break bonds with family.

There are three forms of trauma based on individual experience.

Acute trauma is the result of a single event, such as a natural disaster, sexual assault, or sudden death of loved ones.

Meanwhile, chronic trauma is from prolonged exposure. This involves cases such as domestic violence, bullying, and verbal abuse.

When someone gets exposed to many traumatic events, complex trauma happens. Sadly, these traumatic events can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder.

The Impact of Emotional Trauma

It’s important to know that stress reactions are normal responses to emotional traumas.

Each survivor’s coping mechanism is different. Understanding the impacts can help you better identify the issues to address.

Below are some of the impacts of emotional trauma.

• Emotional Dysregulation: This happens when survivors have a hard time regulating emotions. It’s a common reaction to childhood trauma.
• Numbing: Numbing happens when someone feels detached from thoughts and memories. Because you can’t see the physical symptoms, people around the survivor may not realize how severe the impact is.
• Physical Reactions: Psychological trauma affects the body and mind. It may cause physical reactions like chest pain, sleep disturbances, and other chronic diseases.
• Cognitive Impact: Long-term effects of trauma affect brain development. As a result, it makes survivors more vulnerable to illness and substance abuse.

The Stages of Recovering From Emotional Trauma

Healing from trauma takes time and effort. Yet, understanding the recovery journey will allow you to take control of the healing process!

Below are the stages of recovering from emotional traumas.

• Rumination: In this stage, you process the trauma and events. Post-traumatic stress symptoms may intrude on your daily life.
• Event Centrality: This is the point when you decide what to do moving forward. You begin to accept how the event changed your life.
• Control: At this stage, you take active measures to stop the effects of the trauma.
• Mastery: The trauma may still come back at times, but it no longer controls your actions. You learn to adjust and cope with your feelings of fear.

Remember that recovering from the effects of relationship trauma isn’t linear. What this means is you can move to the next stage one day, and start from the beginning another day.

Still, as you give yourself more time, the relapses will shorten. Eventually, the emotional trauma symptoms will lessen!

How to Recover From Emotional Trauma: 16 Tips That Help

Mastering your traumatic events is possible, and there’s plenty you can do to start your healing journey.

Here are 16 tips that’ll make the recovery process less painful.

1. Don’t Blame Yourself

First, know that the traumatic event isn’t your fault, no matter what others tell you.

To tackle self-blame, spend some time reflecting on the factors that contributed to the outcome. Make a list of the positive aspects and focus on them.

Don’t let mistakes define your character, and develop self-compassion.

A great tip is to examine your beliefs about yourself. Once you’re aware of your negative thoughts, you can better change them!

2. Remove the Trigger

One of the most crucial steps to recovery is to cut off the source of your trauma triggers. As long as you remain exposed to what’s causing you pain, you’ll never get better.

Depending on the type of trauma, this could mean you may have to move away or block people on social media. Never give your abusers access to you!

Another tip for trauma survivors is to discard possessions that remind you of the event.

A 2020 study showed that people who held onto objects or pictures after a breakup had difficulty adjusting. They struggled to manage their rational memories and found it harder to let go.

3. Accept the Emotions

Accepting your emotions leads to fewer mood swings and improves your balance.

Know that you can’t change whatever happened in the past. You should accept the situation and move towards a better quality of life.

To do it, acknowledge the anger, fear, and shame. Don’t suppress them. Instead, feel them without judging yourself.

You can use the emotions as a learning experience and tell yourself that these negative feelings won’t last forever!

4. Talk About It

Talking about your horrible memories can feel humiliating. Other times, the trauma feels so chaotic that you may think nobody will understand.

However, when others know about your situation, they can play a role in your recovery.

Telling a trusted confidant about your trauma allows you to receive the support you need. This person can help you unravel the event, and give you a reality check.

What’s more, seeking a therapist to discuss the situation will further push you toward healing. A therapist can give you expert advice and provide insights that others may not know about.

---

By now, most people understand that opioid drugs are highly addictive and are causing fatal overdoses across the U.S. Although the opioid crisis has received considerable attention over the last few years, it’s not the only deadly drug out there.

Methamphetamine overdoses have skyrocketed throughout the U.S. According to government data, 6,700 individuals died from a methamphetamine overdose in 2016. Between June of 2019 and June of 2020, there were nearly 20,000 methamphetamine overdose deaths. Many of the fatalities involved multiple drugs.

Addiction specialists these days are describing the burgeoning use of methamphetamine as “a methamphetamine epidemic.” Although there are three different drugs that are currently used to effectively treat opioid addiction, there are no medications that can be used to treat methamphetamine addiction.

Fortunately, meth addiction and opioid addiction can both be treated with behavioral therapy. For people with a stimulant use disorder in particular, a therapy called contingency management shows promise as an effective treatment.

What Does a Meth Pipe Look Like?

Anyone with a full-blown meth habit will keep a meth pipe and a lighter as close as their phones. The classic meth pipe is a glass tube with a small, round glass bowl at one end that has a tiny opening. These are the standard features of a typical meth pipe.

As the popularity of methamphetamine grows, the demand for different pipe designs grows with it. Besides the classic glass pipe design described above, meth pipes come in a variety of styles, shapes, sizes, and colors.

Most pipes are a few inches long and easy to quickly tuck away in a pocket. Meth pipes that have been recently used will have scorched bowls.

If a proper pipe is unavailable, meth users are nothing if not resourceful. Pipes have been designed with readily available materials, including cardboard toilet paper rolls, aluminum foil, soda cans, light bulbs, and water bottles.

Meth Pipe Construction

A meth pipe is a distinctive apparatus. Many are made of a thin material that doesn’t easily burn. Meth is only vaporized when heated to a very high temperature, and therefore the pipe must be able to resist burning.

The round bowl concentrates the smoke in the chamber and prevents it from escaping from the pipe. Very little is wasted, and the user gets more to inhale.

Why Do People Use Meth Pipes?

Methamphetamine, colloquially known as crystal meth, is a potent and highly addictive controlled substance. Its consumption takes various forms, including smoking, snorting, swallowing, and injecting. Among these methods, smoking and injecting offer rapid onset euphoria, while snorting and swallowing provide a slower yet longer-lasting high.

In California, where drug use is prevalent, the preference for meth pipes among users is notable. Unlike needles used for injection, meth pipes offer a convenient and discreet option for administration. This method provides an intensity of effects comparable to injecting without the associated risks of abscesses or visible puncture marks.

However, while meth pipes mitigate certain health risks associated with needle use, they introduce their own set of dangers. Homemade pipes, often fashioned from glass or plastic, can expose users to toxic fumes and contaminants. Furthermore, the use of makeshift materials like tin foil for smoking poses additional health hazards.

Recognizing the complexities of drug abuse, harm reduction programs in California emphasize safer smoking practices for meth users. These initiatives aim to educate individuals on the risks associated with different consumption methods and provide resources for safer drug use. Such programs advocate for the use of specialized equipment, such as oil burners, which are designed specifically for smoking methamphetamine.

Moreover, harm reduction strategies extend beyond safer administration methods. They encompass interventions aimed at addressing the broader health and social consequences of methamphetamine use. This includes access to addiction treatment programs, healthcare services, and support for loved ones affected by substance abuse.

Inpatient treatment programs offer comprehensive care for individuals struggling with methamphetamine addiction. These programs provide medical supervision, counseling, and support to address both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction. Additionally, they offer resources for managing the side effects of methamphetamine use, such as weight loss and dental problems.

Crucially, harm reduction programs recognize that addiction is a complex and multifaceted issue. They prioritize compassionate and non-judgmental approaches to support drug users in making safer choices. By meeting individuals where they are and providing access to resources and support, harm reduction programs play a vital role in mitigating the harms associated with methamphetamine use.

Are Meth Pipes Illegal?

Meth pipes are classified as drug paraphernalia because they are used to ingest illegal substances. Federal law prohibits the selling of drug paraphernalia.

Depending on your state, you may also be charged with possession of drug paraphernalia whether you intend to sell it or not. In certain cases, meth pipes can be used as evidence of the possession of illegal substances.

Are Meth Pipes Dangerous To Use?

Although the distinctive shape of a meth pipe is designed to maximize a user’s high, the unusual construction of the device can also be dangerous if not handled with extreme care.

Even experienced users can suffer frequent burns on the body, especially on the mouth, fingers, and face. It’s because the heated material is so extremely hot.

Many users cut themselves while using pipes with broken glass. Some pipes are made with unstable materials that become vaporized when heated and are toxic when exposed to high temperatures.

Although meth pipe users protect themselves from the dangers associated with injection, they can still expose themselves to disease when sharing smoking materials with someone else.

If a user has open sores around the mouth caused by pipe burns, that person can easily transmit hepatitis and other infectious agents to anyone they share a pipe with.

Can Smoking Meth Hurt Me in Other Ways?

Frequent meth users often develop what’s known as “meth mouth.” With this condition, the teeth get decayed, rotten and turn brown or black. The gums bleed, and they are chronically inflamed and infected.

Gum tissue pulls away from the teeth and shrinks. At the same time, it is being eaten away by bacteria. Eventually, the roots become fully visible. The remaining teeth turn black, become extremely loose, and continue to fall out.

Methamphetamine has been described as “the drug that ages people far beyond their years.” Premature aging initially appears on the face, but it’s also taking place internally.

The drug gets to work breaking down structures like the heart and brain. Meth smokers say they feel old, even if they’re young. They can develop diseases like coronary atherosclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis that are commonly found only in the elderly. Meth smokers are also vulnerable to pneumonia and pulmonary edema.

In the end, meth pipes are probably the most dangerous way of all to consume methamphetamine.

Overdose Potential When Using Meth Pipes

The risk of overdose is high because with a meth pipe, you are inhaling vapor, and it’s difficult to judge the amount of vapor you inhale.

Because the body absorbs the vapor so quickly, you can have an unusually strong reaction before you know what’s happening. An overdose can seem to come out of nowhere. Here are some of the most common overdose scenarios if you smoke too much meth:

• Heart attack
• Coma
• Seizures
• Stroke
• Heartbeat stops
• Crippling chest pain
• Inability to breathe
• Kidney failure
• Extreme stomach pain

Self-care Is Essential

Most people with a substance use disorder are powerless over the situation and powerless over themselves. No one grows up dreaming of being a meth addict, but getting clean and staying clean is not easy.

You intuitively understand that recovery will involve work. Getting clean is not for the feint of heart. It requires courage and the willingness to face yourself without flinching.

You may not be ready to launch your recovery just yet. Nevertheless, you can reduce the degree of harm you are doing to yourself in the meantime.

What Are Harm Reduction Strategies?

Harm reduction strategies are used to mitigate the debilitating effects of an active meth addiction.

Methamphetamine is one of the most difficult addictions to overcome. Nevertheless, many people have done it. The sooner you stop, the easier it will be.

The longer you are actively using, the more powerful your habit will be, and the more it will control your every move.

Harm Reduction Techniques for Meth Pipe Users

Many addiction specialists believe that meth users who practice harm reduction techniques can live healthier and happier lives, even when they’re still using.

Harm reduction measures can reduce a user’s susceptibility to the negative effects and co-occurring mental health disorders that often develop with methamphetamine use.

Here are some common-sense harm reduction practices that can help you avoid mishaps when using a meth pipe:

• Never share your meth pipe with someone else.
• Don’t use meth pipes made of metal or plastic.
• Prior to using a meth pipe, sterilize it with rubbing alcohol or hydrogen peroxide using a Q-Tip.
• Smoke meth only while wearing a mouthpiece to protect your face from burns and cuts that could get infected.
• Avoid using household items like broken light bulbs, aluminum foil, cardboard tubes, and plastic bottles as meth pipes.
• Buy a few extra pipes and carry one with you in case the one you’re using cracks or shatters.
• Use a heat-resistant glove to guard against burns.
• Be mindful of what you’re doing.

Self-protection When Using Meth Pipes

Methamphetamine addiction extracts a heavy toll. Compared to other substances, it qualifies as perhaps the most unpredictable, damaging, and treacherous habit you can have.

When you consider everything that meth takes away, you have to wonder whether the high you get is worth the price you pay. It’s a deadly progression, and the longer you’re on it, the worse it will get.The good news is that you can recover from meth addiction, but you have to get help. Trying to quit on your own is virtually impossible.

---

Alcohol abuse is on the rise in the U.S. That’s according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, which revealed that nearly 30 million people aged 12 and older had an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in 2020. Another study published by the same organization found that roughly 21.5% of the U.S. population aged 12 and older frequently engaged in binge drinking in 2021. For reference, that’s around 60 million Americans. If these statistics aren’t troubling enough, alcohol-related deaths are also prevalent in the U.S. Available data shows roughly 97,000 and 43,000 men and women, respectively, die from alcohol-related causes annually. Behind smoking, consuming a poor diet, and leading a sedentary lifestyle, alcohol is the fourth leading preventable cause of death in this country.  

Physical Health Consequences Associated With Alcohol Abuse

Except for alcohol poisoning, alcohol-induced asphyxiation, and losing their lives in an alcohol-related traffic accident, few people suddenly die from consuming too much alcohol.  Instead, they develop chronic health conditions brought on by years of drinking that gradually draws the curtains close on their life.  When someone engages in binge drinking or has a full-on alcohol use disorder, it increases their chances of developing head and neck, esophageal, breast, and colorectal cancers.  But it does not end there; heavy drinking can also give rise to the following chronic health conditions:

• Diabetes
• Gout
• Heart disease
• Pancreatitis

Another chronic health problem linked to heavy drinking is liver damage, an alcohol-related health condition that negatively affects an estimated 4.5 million American adults.

What More People Should Know About the Relationship Between Alcohol Abuse and Liver Damage

Regularly consuming large amounts of alcohol can cause fat to build up in the liver. When this happens, it is considered alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD). To appreciate how dangerous such a condition is, it helps to know a little more about the liver when it comes to the human body. The liver is a cone-shaped organ located in the abdomen, and it plays a critical role in producing bile, a fluid that aids in digesting fat and breaking down food. It also cleans and removes toxins from the blood, including alcohol. Whenever someone consumes alcohol, even in small amounts, it destroys some of the cells in their liver. The liver can create new ones, but over time, excessive alcohol consumption interferes with that process. And when that happens, it leads to ARLD, which comes in stages, the first of which is fatty liver disease.

Stage One: Fatty Liver Disease

Also known as steatosis, fatty liver disease is stage one of ARLD and is characterized by the excessive build-up of fat in the liver. Generally speaking, a healthy liver comprises 5.5% or less fat. Anything over 5.5% constitutes a fatty liver. Most people don’t experience any symptoms during this stage. And it usually resolves itself when they stop drinking for a few weeks or months. However, if they continue to drink excessively, they progress to stage two and eventually stage three of ARLD.

Stage Two: Alcoholic Hepatitis

Unrelated to infectious hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis is a byproduct of a prolonged alcohol use disorder or binge drinking. When someone develops alcoholic hepatitis, the liver becomes inflamed, triggering several unpleasant symptoms. Some of the more notable of these, according to the Mayo Clinic, include the following:

• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue and weakness
• Fever
• Jaundice
• Loss of appetite
• Malnutrition
• Nausea and vomiting

The longer someone consumes alcohol after developing alcoholic hepatitis, the more damage their liver becomes.  The more damaged the liver becomes, the greater the risk of encountering severe health complications.  Some of those complications include the development of enlarged veins that restrict blood flow, ascites, kidney failure, and cirrhosis, the final stage of ARLD.  For reference, a study published by the National Institutes of Health revealed that 10% to 35% of heavy drinkers have alcoholic hepatitis.

Stage Three: Cirrhosis

The last and final stage of ARLD is the worst, say most gastroenterologists and hepatologists.  And it’s not too difficult to see why they share that opinion.  In short, cirrhosis refers to severe and irreversible scarring of the liver.  If an individual doesn’t seek treatment for cirrhosis and continues to drink, they will develop more and more scars on their liver.  Eventually, the liver loses its ability to perform critical, life-sustaining functions, which can prove fatal.  Cirrhosis symptoms are similar to alcoholic hepatitis symptoms in that most people with cirrhosis struggle with jaundice, fatigue, and changes in appetite.  They also struggle with the following:

• Clubbing of the fingers
• Edema
• Fluid retention in the abdomen
• Itchy skin
• Palmar erythema
• Telangiectasias
• Unintended weight loss

Along with the above, there are cirrhosis symptoms that men and women develop specifically.  Some women who have not started menopause may experience changes in their menstrual cycle when they develop cirrhosis.  Some men experience low libido, testicular shrinkage, or gynecomastia.

The Four Most Telling Signs of Liver Damage

When someone develops any form of liver damage, the organ’s ability to digest food and remove toxic substances from the body becomes severely compromised.Four of the most telling signs of liver damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption include

Jaundice

Yellowing of the eyes is common among individuals with liver damage, especially those with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. That yellowing is called jaundice, and it is, arguably, one of the most telling signs of liver damage. Whenever someone develops an infection, the body breaks down red blood cells to help fight off that infection. In the process, it creates a yellowish substance known as bilirubin, which, over time, passes through the liver before finally being expelled from the body. Liver damage impedes this complex process. When bilirubin builds up in the body due to an unhealthy liver, most people develop jaundice, which shows up in their eyes. Since we are on the topic, jaundice can also trigger a yellowing of someone’s skin.  

Pain

The more damaged someone’s liver becomes due to excessive alcohol consumption, the more pain they will find themselves in.  Most people struggling with alcohol-related liver disease report pain in their upper right abdomen.  However, it is not uncommon for people to experience pain in their shoulders, joints, and backside.  Depending on how long someone has had ARLD, the pain can be a dull ache or an intense, throbbing pain.

Indigestion

Because the liver plays such a critical role in the digestive process, it stands to reason that a damaged liver would trigger indigestion.  When the liver can’t remove toxins from the body, acids in the stomach become blocked.  Those blocked stomach acids eventually give way to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a medical condition that causes contents in the stomach to travel back into the esophagus.  Along with regurgitation, GERD also causes bloating, burping, nausea, and laryngitis.  It is also not uncommon for some people to experience a dry cough and develop a sour taste in their mouth.  

Hyperinsulinemia

Hyperinsulinemia is a clinical term that denotes insulin resistance. Heavy drinking reduces the body’s sensitivity to insulin. Despite being a beverage, alcohol is high in calories. When someone consumes alcohol, those calories get stored in the liver as fat.  Too much fat in the liver makes liver cells resistant while simultaneously spiking blood sugar levels.  Hyperinsulinemia symptoms are the same as those associated with type 2 diabetes and include the following:

• An inability to focus
• Anxiety
• Difficulty concentrating
• Fatigue
• Frequent feelings of hunger
• Intense sugar cravings
• Weight gain

In summary, the health consequences associated with excessive alcohol consumption are many. There is also something to be said about the toll someone’s drinking can have on their friends, family, and the community they call home. For those unaware, alcohol use disorders and binge drinking are known to contribute to domestic violence, traffic accidents, and sexual and physical assault. Bearing that in mind, if you or someone you love has a problem with alcohol, consider scheduling a consultation with the Illinois Recovery Center, a leading drug and alcohol addiction treatment rehab in Illinois well versed in alcohol addiction recovery.

---

As a combination pill containing both hydrocodone and acetaminophen, the M365 pill is a powerful analgesic prescription medication for moderate-to-severe pain. Although both medicines are used for pain management, acetaminophen is available over-the-counter while hydrocodone is sold as a prescription opioid due to its strength and potential side effects. It’s currently distributed under the brand name Norco and as generic dihydrocodeinone or hydrocodone bitartrate. Other brands, such as LORTAB and Vicodin, have been discontinued.

The Importance of Correctly Identifying Medication

The M365 pill looks strikingly similar to many common medications, such as antibiotics and over-the-counter analgesics, so it’s critical to learn how to correctly identify this medicine to avoid mix-ups, interactions with other medications, and potential overuse. Prescription medication labels will contain a brief description of the medicine’s appearance for quick and easy reference. For any questions regarding medication identification, one should always consult a trusted doctor or pharmacist.

Physical Characteristics of the M365 Pill

The M365 pill is an elongated, mid-sized white or off-white tablet with the M365 imprint on the front. The back contains a deep score in the center to make it easier to divide the dose.

Active Ingredients:

The active ingredients in the M365 pill are hydrocodone bitartrate and hydrocodone. Their descriptions and usage are outlined below.

Acetaminophen:

Acetaminophen is a common pain reliever and fever reducer that’s sold over-the-counter in both regular (325 mg) and prescription (500 mg) strengths. It’s a popular solution for treating general conditions such as headaches and dull arthritis pain. Acetaminophen isn’t the top recommendation for tissue-specific pain and swelling since it doesn’t possess anti-inflammatory properties.

Hydrocodone:

Much like acetaminophen, hydrocodone is widely used as a pain reliever, but, as an opioid, its effects are significantly stronger, making it a better solution for severe pain management. Hydrocodone affects how the central nervous system responds to moderate-to-severe pain triggers. Hydrocodone is also commonly used as an expectorant due to its ability to regulate the portion of the brain that controls coughing. Since hydrocodone can cause significant side effects, this medication is only available with a prescription.

Usage and Medical Indications

The M365 pill is an effective painkiller for moderate-to-severe pain. It’s often prescribed after surgery to assist with post-operative restlessness and discomfort. It’s also commonly prescribed for managing chronic pain conditions that don’t respond well to over-the-counter analgesics.

Dosage and Strength

The M365 pill is available in various strengths, depending on the severity of the pain being treated. Below are the most common strengths prescribed:

hydrocodone: 2.5 mg acetaminophen: 325 mg
hydrocodone: 5 mg acetaminophen: 325 mg
hydrocodone: 7.5 mg acetaminophen: 325 mg
hydrocodone: 10 mg acetaminophen: 325 mg

It’s important for patients to consult with their healthcare providers regularly to ensure that they’re using the least amount of medication possible that will provide relief from their symptoms.

Potential Side Effects of the M365 Pill

Common Side Effects

The M365 pill can cause mild side effects such as headache, gastrointestinal upset, sleepiness, and dizziness.

Serious Side Effects

Serious side effects of the M365 pill include the following: hives, swelling of the face or throat, labored breathing, sweating, yellowing of skin and/or stools, gastrointestinal issues, or rash.

When to seek medical treatment

Wheezing, swelling, hives, or rashes can be signs of a life-threatening allergic reaction, so prompt medical attention is critical should these symptoms occur. Opioid medications can cause deadly breathing difficulties, so any changes in breathing and/or an altered mental status upon awakening must be immediately evaluated by a medical professional.

This medication could alter levels of serotonin and cortisol in the body, so any new physical or neurological symptoms, such as shaking, weakness, heart palpitations, or muscle stiffness, must be reported to an emergency department right away.

Risks Associated with Opioid Medications

Like all prescription opioids, the M365 pill should only be taken exactly as prescribed and for the amount of time indicated by the prescription refill number. This medicine is only to be administered under the careful supervision of a trusted medical professional. Any alterations to the dosage or changes in conditions being treated must be discussed with a doctor to avoid prescription misuse.

Warnings for Use with Drugs and Alcohol

The M365 pill should never be taken in combination with drugs or alcohol to avoid devastating physical and psychological effects. Alcohol can increase the levels of this medicine in the body, therefore increasing the potential for overdose. Mixing alcohol and this medication can also cause seizures, severe psychological symptoms, and even brain damage due to compromised oxygen levels in the body caused by slow breathing and/or heart rate.

Long-term use of the M365 pill increases the risk of dependency; therefore, doctors must proactively monitor a patient’s use of and response to this medicine. Hydrocodone’s effects on the nervous system can prove lethal in the event of an overdose, and excessive amounts of acetaminophin can harm the liver, so it’s critical for patients to adhere to the dosage instructions.

Storage and Safe Disposal

This medicine should be stored in a childproof container well out of the reach of children. Too much of these active ingredients is harmful to anyone, but children are especially vulnerable to their powerful effects.

To limit environmental pollution and potential misuse of this pill, individuals should try to locate a drug take-back program instead of simply throwing the medication in the garbage or flushing it down the toilet. Numerous outlets are available for safe disposal of prescription medication. Pharmacies often contain a drop-box designed specifically for this purpose.

Many pharmacies also participate in the DisposeRX program. Thanks to this initiative, customers can visit a location and request a DisposeRX packet that can be mixed with water and added to a bottle of medication. Once the powder is combined, the medicine becomes ineffective and can be safely disposed of at home.

Controlled Substance Classification

Although acetaminophen is sold over the counter, hydrocodone is available only by prescription. Therefore, the M365 pill is officially labeled a Schedule II/IIN controlled substance since hydrocodone is highly addictive. Many healthcare providers require patients to keep a specified number of wellness checkups in order to prescribe ongoing refills. These checkups carefully note a patient’s vital signs and overall state of health so that any changes in physical or mental status can be swiftly addressed.

Clinics will also limit the number of refills of a controlled substance per year to help prevent medication abuse. Controlled substances are only prescribed to patients 18 years of age and older, and pharmacies will require proof of identification, such as a government-issued ID, at the time of pick up.

A Final Word

For individuals struggling with addiction who are seeking compassionate care that works, the Illinois Recovery Center is dedicated to helping patients through every step of their recovery journey. Offering intense inpatient and outpatient recovery programs, multiple behavioral therapy options, and sober living homes, the Illinois Recovery Center provides complete recovery plans that target individual preferences while nourishing a patient’s physical and emotional well-being. Complete addiction recovery is possible, and the Illinois Recovery Center is committed to the success of each and every patient. Contact the Illinois Recovery Center today for more information about these life-changing services.

References:

• https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/safe-medication-disposal.jsp#:~:text=Simply%20bring%20your%20unwanted%2C%20unused,a%20letter%20in%20a%20mailbox.
• https://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen_hydrocodone.html
• https://www.drugs.com/sfx/acetaminophen-hydrocodone-side-effects.html
• https://alcohol.org/mixing-with/norco/
• https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines
• https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/#:~:text=Schedule%20II%2FIIN%20Controlled%20Substances%20(2%2F2N)&text=Other%20Schedule%20II%20narcotics%20include,and%20methylphenidate%20(Ritalin%C2%AE).
• https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-06/documents/how-to-dispose-medicines.pdf
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/hydrocodone-and-acetaminophen-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20074089
• https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-362/acetaminophen-oral/details
• https://www.drugs.com/imprints/m365-5096.html
• https://www.premierhealth.com/faq/why-is-it-important-for-a-patient-to-know-how-to-read-a-prescription-label
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538530/#:~:text=Hydrocodone%20is%20one%20of%20the,trauma%2C%20or%20patients%20with%20cancer.

---

The L484 pill contains acetaminophen and is an extra-strength medication. Each pill has 500 mg of acetaminophen. The Kroger Company most commonly manufactures the pill with the L484 stamp.[1] However, many other companies sell acetaminophen. Although people can buy it without a prescription, some doctors may prescribe it for various reasons. Those will be discussed more in a later section. Since acetaminophen is an over-the-counter medication, many people assume that it is completely safe. However, there can be some risks for certain people. Overdose and long-term use also create risks. This guide explains more about the active ingredient in the L484 pill and covers some common concerns.

L484 Pill Identification

In addition to its identification stamp, the pill has some other distinct characteristics. It is white and has an oblong shape.[1] Most manufacturers who make extra-strength acetaminophen pills use the same design. There are other types of acetaminophen medications as well. Children’s chewable tablets, effervescent tablets, and extended-release pills are a few examples.[2]

About the Active Ingredient

Acetaminophen is often sold under the brands Tylenol and Panadol. Most other companies sell it under its generic name. Outside the United States and Japan, acetaminophen’s generic name is paracetamol.[3]

History of Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen was discovered by accident by a researcher who was trying to find a treatment for intestinal worms.[3] After receiving the wrong chemical, the researcher found that it reduced fever. However, it did not treat intestinal worms. The chemical the researcher received was acetanilide, which comes from coal tar. Acetaminophen was later derived from it. Several other medicines, dyes and substances come from coal tar as well.

Although acetaminophen was synthesized in 1878, it was not used to treat fever and pain until 1893.[3] Acetaminophen became popular in the 1950s after a Tylenol elixir for children was released. At the time, it was a prescription medication that competed with aspirin.

How Acetaminophen Works

Since acetanilide comes with side effects, acetaminophen was created as a safer alternative.[3] While certain mechanisms of its actions are unknown, it inhibits activity in the cyclooxygenase pathway. However, it does not inhibit activity in surrounding tissues.[4] This means that it will not treat inflammation. While it is often categorized with NSAIDs for pain management, it lacks their anti-inflammatory properties. Acetaminophen’s effects on the COX pathway may inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.[4] Ultimately, it produces antipyretic and analgesic effects. Other studies show additional theories of how acetaminophen may affect the body and reduce pain.

Dosage and Administration

Each package of acetaminophen contains dosing information. Since there are products designed specifically for kids, it is better to use those for young children. There are also products for infants. People who use over-the-counter acetaminophen should read the instructions and follow them precisely. Taking it incorrectly can lead to negative side effects or serious issues. Anyone who is considering taking it for the first time should also be aware of who should not take acetaminophen. This will be discussed in an upcoming section.

Unless a physician recommends a different dose, adults and children should follow the package’s instructions. For extra-strength acetaminophen, the recommended dose is usually two tablets for adults or children over the age of 12.[5] Children who are younger than 12 should not take this high of a dose. Other people who should not take acetaminophen will be discussed in an upcoming section.

Uses of the L484 Pill

This drug is used to reduce fevers that occur from viruses or temporary illnesses. People who have fevers that persist for more than a few days should consult a physician. Also, those who have fevers that come with other severe symptoms should seek emergency medical care. Acetaminophen may help treat pain from mild issues like headaches or virus-related body aches. It may also help reduce pain from menstrual cramps, backaches, toothaches or osteoarthritis.[2] Unless a doctor recommends otherwise, do not take acetaminophen for more than 10 days for pain.[2]

In some cases, acetaminophen may be combined with other medications or substances. For example, there are tension headache medications that include acetaminophen and caffeine. Acetaminophen is sometimes included in medications that treat multiple cold or flu symptoms. Additionally, it may be added to medications for sleeplessness or allergies.[6]

Acetaminophen Side Effects

Most people do not experience side effects when they use acetaminophen as directed. Even fewer people experience serious side effects.[7]

Common Side Effects

When people do experience side effects, these are the most common ones:

• Itching
• Stomach pain
• Constipation
• Vomiting
• Headaches
• Agitation
• Insomnia

For vomiting or agitation, contact a doctor immediately.[7] Contact a doctor after 24 hours if any of the other common side effects persist.

Severe Side Effects

Severe side effects are rare. These are some potential severe side effects:

• Fever
• Allergic reaction
• Jaundice
• Blood in the stool with fever
• Peeling skin
• Blistering skin

If any of these symptoms appear, seek immediate medical attention. Acute liver damage and severe skin reactions can be dangerous.[7]

Accidental Overdose Guidance

In some cases, a person may accidentally take an extra dose or take the medication more frequently than recommended. Clamminess, vomiting, loss of appetite and unusual fatigue are early overdose symptoms.[7] If left untreated, an overdose may lead to liver damage or failure for some people. As soon as the early symptoms appear, discontinue acetaminophen use. For a suspected overdose, contact Poison Control by calling 800-222-1222. Seek immediate medical attention for a known overdose.

Acetaminophen Interactions

It is possible for acetaminophen to interact with some other over-the-counter medications. The substance interacts with alcohol as well. Also, there are some disease interactions.

Drug Interactions

There are more than 100 known drug interactions.[8] Some are minor. More than 70 of the drug interactions are moderate. However, several are severe. These are the drugs that can cause severe interactions:

• Leflunomide
• Ethanol
• Levoketoconazole
• Ketoconazole
• Mipomersen
• Lomitapide
• Teriflunomide
• Pexidartinib

Always check if any current medications interact with acetaminophen before taking it.

Disease and Alcohol Interactions

Acetaminophen can have negative effects on people with liver disease or alcoholism.[8] Since some acetaminophen products contain aspartame, they can be harmful to those with phenylketonuria.[9] It is unsafe to combine alcohol with acetaminophen. It may cause serious side effects that damage the liver.[8] Anyone who takes the drug for more than several days to manage pain should avoid alcohol use.

Acetaminophen Precautions

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should ask a doctor before taking acetaminophen or any product that contains it as a secondary ingredient. It is also important for pregnant or breastfeeding women to ask a physician before taking other over-the-counter medications.

Importance of Reading the Label

Each acetaminophen product’s label contains valuable information about ingredients, dosing and precautions. Also, it includes the expiration date. If the medication has expired, buy a new package. There is also information about the manufacturer. Most packages contain information about what to do in case of an overdose. Be sure to avoid using any other drugs with acetaminophen when taking an extra-strength dose. For example, avoid an accidental overdose by not taking it with a cold medication that already contains acetaminophen.

Monitoring for Signs of Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions can occur in some people. Common signs include a rash, blisters or skin redness.[5] If any of these signs appear after taking acetaminophen, stop taking it. Seek immediate medical help. When a child takes acetaminophen for the first time, it is especially important to monitor for allergic reaction signs.

Safe Storage and Disposal

For optimal results, keep acetaminophen packages in a dark and dry place. Cabinets are usually ideal. Store the medication at room temperature.[5] Do not keep acetaminophen in a refrigerator. Humidity, cold and heat may impact the effectiveness of the medication. To dispose of expired or unused acetaminophen, put it in a plastic bag with an undesirable substance. Used litter and bathroom trash are a couple examples. Dispose of it with regular waste that will be taken to a regulated disposal site.[10] This method helps prevent potential harm from misuse or harm to the environment.

Learn More About Medication Safety

Always consult with a doctor before taking any new OTC medication, and take prescribed substances as directed. Ask a medical professional about any concerns related to the L484 pill or other types of acetaminophen products. For treatment information about any form of substance misuse, please contact us. At the Illinois Recovery Center, we help people establish healthy habits and learn strategies to overcome addiction. We provide a safe, supportive environment for anyone who is struggling with substance use.

References
[1] https://www.drugs.com/imprints/l484-10944.html
[2] https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-362/acetaminophen-oral/details
[3] https://medicine.tufts.edu/news-events/news/how-does-acetaminophen-work
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482369/
[5] https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=2651bf11-4d66-43ba-e054-00144ff88e88&type=display
[6] https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/acetaminophen
[7] https://www.drugwatch.com/drugs/acetaminophen/side-effects/
[8] https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/acetaminophen.html
[9] https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/acetaminophen-oral-route-rectal-route/before-using/drg-20068480
[10] https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/how_to_dispose_of_unused_medicine_responsibly_to_protect_the_environment

---

Are you considering starting a treatment program for your opioid use disorder that involves taking SUBOXONE®? SUBOXONE® is a medication that’s used to treat the cravings and withdrawal symptoms that individuals experience after ceasing their opioid of choice. SUBOXONE® is comprised of buprenorphine and naloxone. It is administered as a dissolvable film or tablet that is put under the tongue. Let’s take a look at how SUBOXONE® helps individuals recover from opioid use disorder and some of the common side effects.

What is SUBOXONE®?

SUBOXONE® is a medication that is commonly used to treat opioid use disorder. It is comprised of buprenorphine and naloxone. Buprenorphine is a synthetic opioid that is FDA approved to opioid dependency and severe pain. When it’s used to treat opioid use disorder, the medication is taken in place of the individual’s preferred drug. For this reason, SUBOXONE® is considered an agonist substitution treatment.

Naloxone is an FDA-approved medication that reverses opioid overdoses by binding to the opioid receptors in the brain. This makes it an opioid antagonist because once the naloxone has bound itself to the opioid receptors in the brain, other opioids cannot attach to those receptors.

When Subuxone is combined with therapy and counseling, it helps individuals recover from opioid use disorder.

Common Side Effects of SUBOXONE®

Serious Side Effects and Warning Signs

Some of the side effects of taking SUBOXONE® are considered serious and may be life-threatening. If any of these symptoms present themselves, the individual should seek prompt medical treatment.

Difficulty Breathing or Slower than Normal Breathing

If the individual starts having difficulty breathing or is breathing slower than normal, it’s time to see a doctor. This symptom may be accompanied by blurry vision, slurred speech, dizziness and fainting.

Signs of Liver Problems

Individuals who are taking SUBOXONE® should be aware of the signs of liver damage. These can include dark urine, a yellowing of the skin or jaundice, and stomach pain. If any of these symptoms develop, the individuals should seek medical treatment.

Signs of Adrenal Gland Problems

The adrenal glands help regulate blood pressure, metabolism, immune system function and blood sugar. Signs that the adrenal glands are not functioning properly include vomiting, nausea, fatigue and loss of appetite.

Signs of an Allergic Reaction

In some cases, individuals may be allergic to the ingredients in SUBOXONE®. Signs of an allergic reaction include rashes, hives, difficulty breathing and swelling. If an individual who is taking SUBOXONE® experiencing any of these symptoms, they should seek medical treatment.

Long-Term Side Effects

Individuals who are prescribed SUBOXONE® for opioid use disorder should be slowly tapered off of the medication as they advance through treatment. Long-term use of the medication can lead to dependency and misuse. Long-term side effects include:

• Experiencing breathing problems
• Falling into a coma
• Reduced cortisol levels
• Liver damage
• Mental health problems
• Sexual dysfunction

Problems Breathing and Comas

Taking high doses of SUBOXONE® can lead to depressed breathing. This risk increases if the individual mixes SUBOXONE® with another drug, medication or alcohol. Individuals who already have breathing problems may be at an increased risk for this side effect.

Reduced Hormone Levels

Taking SUBOXONE® for long periods of time can interfere with the body’s ability to produce cortisol. Cortisol is the hormone that’s responsible for your body’s response to stress. It also helps regulate the metabolism, suppress inflammation and regulate blood pressure. Low levels of cortisol can lead to fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite and low blood pressure. Individuals may also experience an increase in depression and anxiety symptoms.

Liver Damage

SUBOXONE® is processed by the liver. Long-term use may cause liver damage. If jaundice or yellowing of the skin is noticed, individuals should seek immediate medical treatment. To help avoid liver damage, your medical provider may perform regular blood tests.

Mental Health Issues

Long-term use of SUBOXONE® or misuse of SUBOXONE® can lead to an increase in mood swings and changes in the individual’s personality. Individuals may also experience an increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression. Changes in mental well-being should be monitored and reported to a doctor.

Sexual Dysfunction

Some individuals report sexual dysfunction while taking SUBOXONE®. Symptoms can include a lack of sexual desire, problems getting and maintaining an erection and premature ejaculation.

Interactions with Other Drugs

SUBOXONE® may interact with other drugs and medications. SUBOXONE® should not be combined with alcohol, benzodiazepines, central nervous system depressants or other opioids. Additionally, SUBOXONE® should not be taken with muscle relaxers, certain seizure medications and antipsychotics. Combining SUBOXONE® with other drugs and medications may increase the risk of an overdose.

Precautions and Considerations

Individuals who have been prescribed SUBOXONE® should tell their doctor about all the medications they are currently taking and any medical conditions they have. Some conditions, including Addison’s disease, enlarged prostate, problems urinating, mental health issues, tooth problems, adrenal and thyroid gland problems, and liver, kidney and gallbladder problems may impact your ability to take SUBOXONE®. Additionally, individuals who have preexisting conditions that impact their ability to breathe may not be suitable candidates for SUBOXONE® treatment.

Individuals who plan on becoming pregnant or breastfeeding their infants should tell their medical team about their SUBOXONE® usage. Pregnant women may need more pain medication during birth, and their babies may experience withdrawal symptoms directly after birth. Additionally, SUBOXONE® can be passed to the infant in breast milk.

Lastly, it’s important for individuals to understand how SUBOXONE® affects them before driving or operating heavy equipment or power tools. SUBOXONE® has been known to cause drowsiness and delayed reaction times.

Alternatives to SUBOXONE®

If SUBOXONE® isn’t recommended to treat opioid use disorder, there are other medications available, including naltrexone and methadone.

Naltrexone

For individuals who wish to avoid using an opioid agonist, Naltrexone may be a good choice. Naltrexone is not a controlled substance, which means it can be prescribed and given in any setting. It’s a long-acting formulation, and there’s no risk of overdosing by taking Naltrexone. It also has the added benefit of being able to treat alcoholism and opioid use disorder.

Naltrexone also has a few drawbacks. It cannot be started at the beginning of the detox phase. Instead, the individual must be partially or fully detoxed. Naltrexone is also not recommended for pregnant women.

Methadone

Methadone is another alternative to SUBOXONE®. It is a full opioid antagonist and a controlled substance. For this reason, it can only be dispensed by a licensed opioid treatment program. However, the benefits of taking Methadone for opioid use disorder are numerous. Taking Methadone can increase the overall odds of survival. It can help individuals stay in treatment longer, and it helps decrease overall opioid use.

Methadone has a few downsides. It can be hard to access, and there can be a stigma surrounding its use. Individuals may also find it hard to wean off of the medication.

Conclusion

SUBOXONE® can help individuals stop their illicit opioid use, especially when the medication is combined with other treatments, like counseling and therapy. If SUBOXONE® treatment sounds right for you, it’s important to talk to your healthcare provider. Once you’ve been accepted into a SUBOXONE® treatment program, it’s important to talk to your healthcare team about any changes in your physical or mental health and undergo any needed tests in order to maintain your health.

If you’re ready to take the first step in your recovery, contact Illinois Recovery Center in Swansea. We offer medical detox.

To learn more, call us Today!

References

• https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/buprenorphine
• https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/5-myths-about-using-suboxone-to-treat-opiate-addiction-2018032014496
• https://adf.org.au/drug-facts/buprenorphine/
• https://psychiatry.uams.edu/clinical-care/cast/buprenorphine/
• https://www.suboxone.com
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459126/#:~:text=Buprenorphine%20is%20FDA%2Dapproved%20for,opioid%20(such%20as%20heroin).
• https://www.samhsa.gov/medications-substance-use-disorders/medications-counseling-related-conditions/naloxone
• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22187-cortisol
• https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/suboxone-interactions
• https://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/education-docs/alternatives-to-buprenorphine.pdf?sfvrsn=371f4bc2_0

SUBOXONE® is a registered trademark of Indivior UK Limited. IRC is not affiliated with Indivior UK Limited or its affiliates (“Indivior”), and any reference to it or its intellectual property is for informational purposes only and is not endorsed or sponsored by Indivior.

---

Shrooms (also known as magic mushrooms or simply mushrooms) are mushrooms that contain psilocybin or psilocin, chemicals that cause psychedelic hallucinations or psychedelic experiences (caused by the consumption of psychedelic substances like LSD,  psychedelic mushrooms, and mescaline). Shrooms can be eaten fresh or cooked into other foods like any other mushroom. Dried shrooms can also be brewed into tea. Most people will feel the side effects of shrooms after about 30 minutes. These effects last for three to six hours and include hallucinations as well as altered thinking, sense of time, and emotions.

The use of shrooms has also increased in recent years, particularly among young adults. They aren’t physically addictive, but it is possible to become psychologically addicted to them. They can also pose health risks if they are improperly stored. This is why we’re going to discuss how long they last in storage as well as how long they will stay in your system.

What Are Shrooms? How Do They Work?

Shrooms refer to psilocybin mushrooms, a group of fungi that contain psilocybin. Most of these mushrooms belong to the genus Psilocybe, but species across several genera contain psilocybin and similar chemicals. There are over 200 different types of mushrooms that contain these substances, but the most common are:

• Psilocybe cubensis (Gold Caps)
• Psilocybe semilanceata (Liberty Caps)
• Psilocybe baeocystis (Bottle Caps or Blue Bells)
• Psilocybe cyanescens (Wavy Caps)
• Psilocybe mexicana
• Psilocybe azurescens
• Psilocybe zapotecorum
• Panaeolus cyanescens
• Amanita muscaria

Duration and Effects When Consumed

When a psilocybin mushroom is ingested, your body turns the psilocybin into psilocin, which is what causes the psychedelic effects associated with shrooms. These effects can include hallucinations, feelings of euphoria, headaches, nausea, confusion, and anxiety. These effects can vary depending on how many mushrooms you take, your surroundings, who you’re with, and your overall mood when you take shrooms. If you feel comfortable with your surroundings and are in a good mood, you might have a pleasant experience with shrooms. On the other hand, if you’re not in a good mood or you’re not comfortable with your surroundings or the people around you, you might experience a “bad trip,” “mushroom trip,” “shroom trip,” or get flashbacks that can be frightening and unsettling. Dosage can also make a difference. If someone only takes a small dose of shrooms, you might not know they’re on anything at all. If they take a larger dose or they don’t have a high tolerance, they might behave more unpredictably or become paranoid. Some people lose complete control during a really bad trip or after taking a high dose and put themselves or others at risk of injury.

Most people will begin to feel the effects of shrooms about 30 minutes after taking them. The effects last between three and six hours, with the first three to four hours usually being the most intense. Some people experience delayed headaches after coming down from shrooms, while others might feel exhausted or depressed.

Duration of effects based on dosage:

1. Low Dose (0.1 – 1 grams): At this level, effects are usually mild and can last from 3 to 6 hours. The experience might include slight visual enhancements and a change in thought patterns.
2. Moderate Dose (1 – 2 grams): This is often considered a standard dose. Effects can last from 4 to 7 hours and may include more pronounced visual and sensory distortion, enhanced colors, and deeper introspective thoughts.
3. High Dose (2 – 3.5 grams and above): High doses can lead to a more intense experience that can last anywhere from 4 to 8 hours. Users might experience significant visual hallucinations, profound thought changes, and a strong emotional response.

Drug Use Detection Times

Here is a table summarizing the detection times for psilocybin in various types of drug tests:

Test Type	Detection Window
Urine Test	Up to 24 hours
Blood Test	Up to 24 hours
Saliva Test	Rarely used, detection time unclear
Hair Follicle Test or Hair Test	Up to 90 days

This table provides an overview of how long psilocybin can be detected in different types of routine drug tests and specialized tests, although individual factors can influence these times.

Factors Influencing Duration and Intensity

As with most drugs, the long-term effects of magic mushrooms or the short-term effects of shrooms can be influenced by a number of factors. For example, taking shrooms on an empty stomach can speed up the onset time, and it is possible to develop a tolerance to shrooms if you take them every day for as little as three to four days. You may even develop a complete tolerance if you take shrooms every day for several days. This means that you will experience little to no effects when taking them unless you take a higher dose.

Shelf Life and Storage of Shrooms

Shrooms are a type of fungus, making them particularly vulnerable to mold and decay if they aren’t stored correctly. If shrooms aren’t properly dried or they are exposed to too much moisture, they will start to decay quickly and become unsafe to consume after about a week. As with most mushrooms, fresh shrooms that have gone bad will have a slimy texture, look shriveled, or have dark spots that weren’t there before.

Dried shrooms that are stored in a cool, dark place can last up to 12 months, although they do lose their potency over time. Frozen shrooms have been known to last for four years or more without losing their potency.

Risks and Safety Concerns When Using Shrooms

The biggest health risk associated with taking shrooms is accidentally consuming the wrong mushroom. Many mushrooms are incredibly poisonous, and they can be fatal if they are taken by mistake.

As for shrooms themselves, they can cause physical symptoms such as nausea, headaches, dizziness, and diarrhea. Death from overdosing on shrooms is very rare, but it is possible to experience other symptoms from an overdose, such as:

• Anxiety
• Psychosis
• Seizures
• Coma

Most of the effects of a shroom overdose will fade after six to eight hours, although some can persist for several days.

By far, the biggest danger of taking shrooms is how it can affect one’s mental health conditions. If you have mental health issues such as depression or anxiety, taking shrooms can make them worse. While taking any amount of drug is inherently unsafe, shrooms are safest when taken in a calm setting with those you trust. If you’re not in a good mood or you feel unsafe or uncomfortable, you increase the risk of having a bad trip or having flashbacks to previous traumatic events. Mixing shrooms with alcohol or other drugs can increase the effects of both substances. It can also affect your judgment and cause you to take more shrooms or other substances than you intended to take.

Shrooms aren’t considered to be physically addictive, but they can be psychologically addictive if they are taken too regularly. Signs of shroom addiction can include an increased tolerance to psilocybin and feelings of depression and anxiety in those who try to quit.

Legal Status Substance

Shrooms are illegal in the United States at the federal level. They are also illegal in most states, although they have been decriminalized in certain municipalities in Michigan, Massachusetts, Colorado, California, and Washington. They have also been fully decriminalized in Oregon. There are currently several efforts underway to change the legal status of shrooms, stating that prohibition hasn’t curbed their use and has only led to harsh legal punishments for nonviolent offenders. Studies have also shown that psilocybin may be effective in treating conditions such as depression, anxiety, and drug addiction.

Conclusion

Shrooms are not physically addictive, and death from overdose is incredibly rare. Still, taking them in the wrong circumstances or overusing them can still be dangerous. If you do decide to take shrooms, make sure that you know exactly what you are taking, and only do so in an environment where you feel safe. If you store shrooms, remember that they can last for close to a year when they are properly dried and stored in a cool, dark location. If you have fresh shrooms, store them in a dry place and use them within a week if you don’t plan to freeze or dry them.

Even though shrooms aren’t physically addictive, psychological addiction can still occur. If you or someone you know has an addiction to shrooms or other substances, there is help available. Contact the Illinois Recovery Center, a healthcare provider for addiction, today for more information about our substance use disorder or addiction treatment programs. Our staff will be happy to answer any questions you might have and help you find a program that is best for you.

Sources:

• https://www.talktofrank.com/drug/magic-mushrooms
• https://wisevoter.com/state-rankings/mushroom-laws-by-state/
• https://adf.org.au/drug-facts/psilocybin/
• https://realitysandwich.com/how-to-store-shrooms-best-practices-and-faq/
• https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Alberta/Pages/What-are-magic-mushrooms.aspx
• https://mindbetter.com/types-of-psychedelic-mushrooms/

---

There has always been a fascination with the strongest alcohols, with just how strong drinks can be. Of course, consuming these beverages should be done with care, but many do in fact consume them.

Strongest by Proof and ABV

What constitutes “strongest”? Unsurprisingly, that is up for debate and is very much subject to opinion, but many would say that anything above 80 proof or 40% alcohol by volume should be described as a particularly strong alcohol. Meanwhile, there are some spirits that have proof and ABV numbers that far surpass those.

What is the difference between proof and alcohol by volume? It is a simple mathematical formula; take the ABV number and double it or take the proof figure and halve it to get the other number.

Impact of Distillation

Distillation plays a significant role in the ABV and proof numbers getting exceptionally high. This is a process that is utilized to create spirits, such as rum, while beer and wine are not distilled. What happens during the distillation process is that the alcohol and water are separated through evaporation and condensation. This results in the alcohol content of the spirit increasing.

Conversely, drinks that simply undergo fermentation cannot exceed around 20% ABV or 40 proof as anything noticeably higher would negatively impact the yeast that is being used in their creation. However, that maximum level is rarely achieved as most of these types of drinks are around 13% ABV or 26 proof or below.

Some of the World’s Strongest Alcohols

Here are a few of the strongest alcohols that have been produced and consumed.

Absinthe

Absinthe, which is naturally green and has a nickname of the “green fairy” but may also be produced without color, is a spirit with a particularly high ABV of around 68 or above. Meanwhile, Hapsburg has sold absinthe bottles that are 89.9% ABV or 179 proof. A couple of examples of the latter include Hapsburg Gold Label Premium Reserve Absinthe and Hapsburg Absinthe XC. Absinthe is a drink that is also known as having been regularly consumed by Vincent van Gogh.

Bacardi 151

Bacardi 151, as of 2016, is no longer produced. As a result, it is particularly difficult to find this rum, which has a 75.5% ABV and is 151 proof. Part of the reason for its discontinuation is because it started becoming more known for its flammability than for its drinkability. The company itself described Bacardi 151 as a “shadowy creature of legend” in its announcement that it would no longer be sold.

Everclear

Everclear is one of the most known highly potent alcoholic drinks with an ABV of 95%, resulting in it being 190 proof. Unsurprisingly, most recommend that this not be consumed on its own but to instead use it as a base for other liqueurs or with fruit punch. Of course, some do still drink this essentially tasteless spirit on its own anyway. Although it is produced in the United States, it is illegal to purchase it in many states. It is legal to buy in Illinois, however.

Spirytus

Spirytus is a Polish spirit that has 96% ABV, making it 192 proof, so it is slightly stronger than Everclear. It is commonly used in the creation of homemade vodka and as a base for liqueurs. Thanks to how concentrated its alcohol content is, most also do not recommend drinking it on its own, and if that is done anyway, you should be especially careful as one shot would be like drinking multiple cans of beer at once as far as alcohol consumption is concerned. Spirytus is the strongest spirit that is available for sale in the U.S.

Consuming High Alcohol Content Spirits

Of course, there are inherent risks in consuming any of these high alcohol content spirits. This is especially true of those who do not regularly drink alcohol-infused drinks at all, but everyone is at risk. That is primarily because, with these, taking in a substantial amount of alcohol in a short time period can be so easily done.

Alcohol poisoning and respiratory depression are a couple of the more common immediate risks of doing so while related possible symptoms include difficulty breathing and a slowed heart rate. Meanwhile, some of the long-term side effects can include kidney and liver issues, diabetes and brain damage. There is also a higher risk for addiction since more alcohol is being consumed more easily.

That said, note that absinthe and the other drinks discussed here do not have any hallucinogenic properties.

Those who do consume these types of drinks should consider how much they are drinking and how that compares to more commonly known drinks like beer and wine. Also keep in mind that the alcohol being consumed is essentially not being tempered by anything else like would be the case with beer or wine while the effects will also be felt much more prominently if one of these spirits is being consumed on an empty stomach.

Final Thoughts

It is understandable why the strongest alcohols have been so fascinating to so many, including those who never have and never will actually consume them. That is because we are generally fascinated by the pushing of boundaries, and that is why running ultramarathons or climbing Mount Everest is so interesting to so many, whether that involves doing it themselves or learning about those who have.

However, it is also essential to do these types of activities safely, whether that involves gradually building up your training to running a 26-mile or longer race or prioritizing safety when consuming alcoholic beverages, particularly the strongest ones that are described above.

If you would like to learn more about the services that we at Illinois Treatment Center offer individuals who are looking to experience recovery, stability, and sobriety, reach out to us by phone or by filling out the contact form on our website.

---